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History of the Jews in Armenia
The history of the Jewish community in Armenia ((アルメニア語:Հայաստանի հրեական համայնքը, ''Hayastani hreakan hamaynqa'')) dates back more than 2,000 years.
==Historical Armenia==
There are historical records that attest the presence of Jews in pagan Armenia, before the spread of Christianity in the region by St. Gregory the Illuminator. Early medieval Armenian historians, such as Moses Khorenatsi, held that during the conquest of Armenian King Tigranes the Great (95–55 BCE), brought with him 10,000 Jewish captives to the ancient Kingdom of Armenia (which encompassed what is commonly known as Greater Armenia) when he retreated from Judea, because of the Roman attack on Armenia (69 B.C.E.). Tigranes II invaded Syria, and probably northern Israel as well.〔Jan Retsö, ''The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads'', 2003. p. 347.〕〔(Jewish Virtual Library - Armenia )〕 A large Jewish population was settled in Armenia from the 1st century BCE. One city in particular, Vartkesavan became an important commercial center.〔Movses Khorenatsi II, 65〕 Thus, Armenia's Jewish community was established. Like the rest of Armenia's population, they suffered the consequences of regional powers trying to divide and conquer the country.〔(Advocates on Behalf of Jews in Russia, Ukraine, the Baltic States, and Eurasia: Armenia and Jews )〕 By 360-370 C.E., there was a massive increase in Jewish Hellenistic immigration into Armenia; many Armenian towns became predominately Jewish. During this period (4th century AD), after the conquest of Armenia by the Sassanid King Shapur II he deported thousands of Jewish families from Persian Armenia and resettled them at Isfahan (modern Iran).〔http://www.friends-of-armenia.org/institutional/history-of-armenian-jews/44-jewish-community-of-armenia〕〔
Jewish families were deported to Armenia and settled in Artashat, Vaghasabat, Yervandashat, Sarehavan, Sarisat, Van, and Nakhichevan. Tournebize holds that the Assyrians deported Jews to Armenia, and not to the Khabur Valley. Aslan mentions that the Jews of Samaria were deported to Armenia.
In 1996, the remains of a medieval Jewish cemetery from a previously unknown medieval Jewish community were discovered in the village of Yeghegis, in the southern province of Vayotz Dzor. In 2000, a team from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem excavated the southern side of the Yeghegis river, opposite the village a Jewish cemetery with 40 gravestones with Hebrew inscriptions dating from 1266 and 1497. Michael Nosonovsky has stated that "The word khawajah is of Persian origin and it probably indicates that the Jews who settled in Yeghegis came from Persia and kept Persian as their spoken language. Biblical quotations and Talmudic formulas are evidence of a high learning standard in the community."〔(Yeghegis ), International Jewish Cemetery Project - International Association of Jewish Genealogical Societies〕 A group of Armenian and Israeli archaeologists and historians excavated the site in 2001 and 2002 and found 64 more tombstones. Some are decorated with motifs of the Orbelian kingdom. The archaeological team also found three mills, which the bishop says show that the community had a business because one mill could feed several families.〔http://www.jpost.com/Opinion/Op-Ed-Contributors/Jewish-Armenia〕 Twenty of these tombstones had inscriptions, all in Hebrew except for two, which were in Aramaic. The oldest dated stone was from 1266 and the latest date was 1336/7.〔Arthur Hagopian, "Armenians Renovate Unknown Jewish Cemetery," Armenian News Network, May 3, 2009.〕
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